The books of Ezra and Nehemiah chronical the return from the Babylonian exile and the rebuilding of the Temple and the city of Jerusalem. 

 

• Ezra 1-2 Historical Background - Cyrus' Decree

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  When Israel was exiled to Babylon, Jeremiah prophesied that they would be there for 70 years. In 538 BC the Persian emperor, Cyrus issued an edict which allowed the exiles to return to their land and rebuild the Temple. Ezra is the chronical of that rebuilding.

• Ezra 3-4 Political Problems

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  Once the exiles had arrived in Israel, they began by building the altar and celebrating the Sabbath and the feasts. When they had laid the foundation for the Temple, the Samaritans asked to join the effort. When the Jews refused, the Samaritans petitioned the Persian king to stop the project.

• Ezra 5-6 The Temple Finished

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  After the hiatus caused by the Samaritan's letter to Cambyses, the prophets Haggai and Zechariah received word from God that they should resume. Simultaneously, half a continent away, Zerubbabel was given permission and resources by Darius.

• Ezra 7-9 The Favor of the King

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  After the death of Darius, his son Artaxerxes continued in his father's benevolence to the Jews. He sent Ezra from Babylon to Jerusalem with the brief to establish judges and magistrates in Israel, Syria and Phoenicia, teaching all people the law of Moses. In aid of this, the king provided him with a vast amount of silver and gold to be used in temple worship.

• Ezra 10, Nehemiah 1 - Foreign Wives

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  Upon Ezra's return to Jerusalem, he discovered that the people of Israel had intermarried with the pagan nations in the land. This was contrary to the Law of Moses and has always been a way to draw Israel away from God. Ezra gathered all the men of Israel and took an oath from them to put away the foreign wives. After some time had passed, Nehemiah received permission to rebuild the city walls.

• Nehemiah 2-4 Building the Wall

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  Having received permission and resources from the King, Nehemiah proceeded to Jerusalem with an armed guard. After secretly surveying the state of the city, he gathered the returned exiles and set them to building the wall. The opposition to the project from the nations around him was so fierce that he was compelled to sacrifice some efficiency in building to obtain military security.

• Nehemiah 5-6 Unrighteous Gain

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  As construction of the wall progressed, the common people complained that they were unable to feed their families because the Jewish elites were loan sharking. Since this sort of practice was one of the major reasons for Judah having gone into exile, Nehemiah put a stop to the practice and made the elites pledge to return all of the interest and collateral that they had gained. Also, as with Ezra, the Samaritans and the Amorites tried to stop the wall building project.

• Nehemiah 7-9 The Wall is Complete

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  Although the wall was complete, Jerusalem had yet to be rebuilt and populated. At Yom Terruah, the people gathered from the surrounding villages and Ezra read the Book of the Law aloud. The people, understanding the fall feasts, celebrated Succot at the appointed time and then gathered together to confess their sins in much the same spirit as Daniel 9. They then prepared to renew the covenant with God.

• Nehemiah 10-13 - Covenant and Backsliding

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  As the wall was completed, the leadership of the returning Jews formally renewed their covenant with God preparatory to a dedication ceremony for the wall. After that, Nehemiah returned to Persia for a time. When he returned, he found that the Jews had already backslidden. They were working on Shabbat, not giving the Levites their portion of the tithes and continued intermarriage with the pagan inhabitants of the land. To top it off, the priests had moved an Ammonite into the Temple.